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14163 Experiment Pack - Electricity in Physics 2 - info
STE 14163 Experiment Pack - Electricity in Physics 2
Introduction
This student experiment pack contains a vast array of experiments and investigations within the physics curriculum. The subject areas covered range from basic magnetism to demountable transformer studies.
The pack is a cost effective resource for modern physics teaching which supports the teacher with excellent teaching notes on CD ROM and motivates the students to carry out further intuitive investigations in to curriculum related studies. A graded series of experiments is described in the STE Teaching Notes Series Electricity 2 (
Topics covered continue the development of understanding that follows the basic topics of Experiment Pack - Electricity in Physics 1 (
The circuit base board that is provided with STE 14162 can be used with this pack, but is not included. It is also available separately (
Contents
Contents - Electrostatics
2 x Electroscope for students aluminium with 4mm plug to be plugged into insulating base pointer with low fiction needle axle
Acrylic bar 150 x 10mm
pvc bar with hole for Al rod
pvc bar 150 x 10mm with drilling
polyethylene rubber pad
aluminium bar 150 x 4mm acts as discharger together with the acrylic bar with hole
acrylic bar 70 x 10mm with drilling
linolite lamp
insulating block with 4 mm socket
aluminium strips for making a simple electroscope
Contents - Electromagnetism
Plug in block system (modular) block with glowlamp
modular on/off switch
modular heating coil; iron core solid 50 x 13.5mm
Contact pin
2 x pole plates for motor/generator
2 x commutator brushes
Commutator disc
Collecting ring disc
Bimetal strip 160 x 20mm
Flat spring hardened steel 160 x 20 x 0.2mm
Flat spring brass 160 x 15mm
modular experimental motor 0.5 to 4V DC axle fitted with setup for thread
modular for stackable coil 800 turns
modular for stackable coil 2 x 800 turns
Iron core laminated U and I core with clamping strap
Bearing pins
Storage: box insert pre-fitted; plastic box with cover and plan for storage of components.
Outer box with cover; plan for layout of contents
Topics covered
ELECTRIC RESISTANCE
E2: 1 SLIDING RESISTOR
E2: 2 DIMMING BY MEANS OF A POTENTIOMETER
E2: 3 UNLOADED POTENTIOMETER
E2: 4 LOADED POTENTIOMETER
E2: 5 INTERNAL RESISTANCE OF VOLTAGE SOURCES (TERMINAL VOLTAGE)
E2: 6 INTERNAL RESISTANCE OF A VOLTMETER
E2: 7 INTERNAL RESISTANCE OF AN AMMETER
E2: 8 EXPANSION OF THE MEASURING RANGE OF A VOLTMETER
E2: 9 EXPANSION OF THE MEASURING RANGE OF AN AMMETER
E2: 10 WHEATSTONE’S BRIDGE CONNECTION
THERMAL ENERGY DERIVED FROM ELECTRICAL ENERGY
E2: 11 BIMETAL FUSE
E2: 12 BIMETALLIC THERMOSTAT
E2: 13 BIMETALLIC FIRE ALARM
WORK AND POWER
E2: 14 THE POWER OF AN ELECTRIC MOTOR
E2: 15 HEAT EMISSION AND CURRENT INTENSITY
E2: 16 WATER EQUIVALENT
E2: 17 MECHANICAL WORK AND POWER OF ELECTRICITY
ELECTROMAGNETISM
E2: 18 ELECTRICAL CURRENT GENERATES A MAGNETIC FIELD
E2: 19 THE MAGNETIC FIELD OF A COIL
E2: 20 A MAGNETICALLY MANIPULATED SWITCH
E2: 21 A RELAY
E2: 22 RELAY WITH OPERATING POINT AND
E2: 23 SELF-OPENING SWITCHES
E2: 24 AN AC-BUZZER
E2: 25 MODEL OF A MAGNETIC FUSE
KINETIC ENERGY DERIVED FROM ELECTRIC ENERGY
E2: 26 MOTOR EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY
E2: 27 LORENTZ‘ FORCE
E2: 28 PRINCIPLE OF THE ELECTRIC MOTOR
E2: 29 MODEL OF THE ELECTRIC MOTOR
E2: 30 DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR
E2: 31 WOUND SERIES ELECTRIC MOTOR
E2: 32 SHUNT-WOUND MOTOR
E2: 33 MODEL OF A MOVING IRON MEASURING INSTRUMENT
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
E2: 34 INDUCTION
E2: 35 INDUCED ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE
E2: 36 PRINCIPLE OF A GENERATOR
E2: 37 THE AC-GENERATOR (INTERNAL POLE GENERATOR)
E2: 38 THE AC-GENERATOR (EXTERNAL POLE GENERATOR)
E2: 39 THE DC-GENERATOR
E2: 40 GENERATORS WITH ELECTROMAGNETS
E2: 41 INTERNAL POLE GENERATOR WITH ELECTROMAGNET
E2: 42 INDUCTION BY DC
E2: 43 TRANSFORMER
E2: 44 TRANSFORMER 1 : 1
E2: 45 UNLOADED TRANSFORMER
E2: 46 THE CURRENT INTENSITY IS TRANSFORMED AS WELL
E2: 47 COILS CONNECTED TO DC
E2: 48 CUT-
E2: 49 LENZ’S LAW
E2: 50 BRAKING EFFECT DUE TO SELF-INDUCTION
E2: 51 COILS CONNECTED TO AC
E2: 52 AC RESISTANCE OF A COIL
E2: 53 RESISTANCE AND INDUCTANCE IN AC
Example experiment
(n.b. all worksheets have digrams of relevant circuits and experimental set-up)
E2: 1 LORENTZ FORCE
1 Circuit board
1 Set of PIB-leads
2 PIB-switches ON/OFF
2 PIB-batteries (accu) 1,2 V
1 PIB for coil 800 turns
1 PI-coil 800 turns, blue
2 Crocodile clips with plug pins
1 U-shaped core with yoke and clamp strap
2 Connecting leads
Electrical power supply
Investigation
The effect of a magnetic field on a conductor through which electrical current flows is to be investigated. The magnetic field is produced by an electromagnet.
Wiring
Arrangement of the wiring according to the illustration. The metal filament is clamped between the two crocodile clips with plug pins. The crocodile clips are inserted in the PIB-connections. The two PIB-batteries serve as a voltage source for the metal filament. The coil with 800 turns is equipped with the U-shaped core. The metal filament hangs loosely between the iron core and the coil. The second circuit which provides the electromagnet with current is connected to the electrical power supply. 8 volts DC is applied. The two switches are first open.
Experiment
First the switch in the electrical circuit with the electromagnet is closed. Then the second switch is closed. The metal filament immediately starts moving. The switch is quickly reopened, otherwise the battery soon becomes expended. Remember the direction of movement of the metal filament. The direction of movement changes by commutating the voltage at the metal filament (insert PIB-battery reversely). The direction of the magnetic field can be affected by commutating the electrical circuit by the coil.
Conclusions
A conductor through which electrical current flows is deflected in a magnetic field. The power which affects the conductor is called Lorentz‘ force. Its direction is perpendicular to the direction of the electrical current and to the direction of the magnetic field. The magnetic field can be produced by means of an electromagnet.
Note: The direction of movement of the conductor carrying electrical current can be determined by means of the „three-finger rule“. The first three fingers of the right hand are held in such a way that they are perpendicular to each other. The direction of the thumb of the right hand indicates the direction of the electrical current (technical direction of electrical current from + to -) through the conductor, the direction of the index finger indicates the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the middle finger indicates the direction of the movement.
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